NOTE 5 – STOCK OPTIONS AND WARRANTS

Stock Options

As of October 31, 2018, the Company had 96,450,000 outstanding stock options to its directors and officers (collectively, “Employee Options”) and consultants (“Non-Employee Options”).

During the six months ended October 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company granted 0 and 2,950,000 Employee Options, respectively.

The fair value of the Employee Options at the date of grant was estimated using the Black-Scholes-Merton option-pricing model, based on the following weighted average assumptions:

During the six months ended October 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company granted Non-Employee Options of 1,200,000 and 4,200,000, respectively.

The fair value of the Non-Employee Options was estimated using the Black-Scholes-Merton option-pricing model, based on the following weighted average assumptions:

The Company’s computation of expected volatility is based on the historical daily volatility of its publicly traded stock. For stock option grants issued during the six months ended October 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company used a calculated volatility for each grant. The Company lacks adequate information about the exercise behavior now and has determined the expected term assumption under the simplified method provided for under ASC 718, which averages the contractual term of the Company’s stock options of five years with the average vesting term of two and one-half years for an average of three years. The dividend yield assumption of zero is based upon the fact the Company has never paid cash dividends and presently has no intention of paying cash dividends. The risk-free interest rate used for each grant is equal to the U.S. Treasury rates in effect at the time of the grant for instruments with a similar expected life.

Non-Employee Option grants that do not vest immediately upon grant are recorded as an expense over the vesting period. Effective August 1, 2018 the Company early adopted ASU 2018-07 using a modified retrospective transition approach. The Company determined that there was no transition adjustment upon adoption of ASU 2018-07. The Company issued 1,200,000 stock options to a non-employee during the three months ended October 31, 2018. The value of these options was determined as of the grant date using the Black-Scholes-Merton option-pricing model, and compensation expense is being recognized over the service period.

A summary of the Company’s stock option activity and related information for the six months ended October 31, 2018 are shown below:

A summary of the activity for unvested stock options during the six months ended October 31, 2018 is as follows:

The Company recorded approximately $77,000 and $188,000 of stock-based compensation related to the issuance of Employee Options to certain officers and directors in exchange for services during the three months ended October 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively and approximately $153,000 and $392,000 during the six months ended October 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. At October 31, 2018, there remained approximately $51,000 of unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested Employee Options granted to officers and directors, to be recognized as expense over a weighted-average period of the remaining 2 months. The non-vested options vest at 750,000 shares per month and are expected to be fully vested on December 31, 2018.

The Company recorded approximately $20,000 and $57,000 of stock-based compensation related to the issuance of Non-Employee Options in exchange for services during the three months ended October 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and approximately $57,000 and $98,000 during the six months ended October 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. At October 31, 2018, there remained approximately $45,000 of unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested Non-Employee Options granted to consultants, to be recognized as expense over a weighted-average period of the remaining eight months. The non-vested Non-Employee Options vest at 200,000 shares per month through December 31, 2018 and 100,000 shares per month thereafter and are expected to be fully vested on June 30, 2019.

The following table summarizes ranges of outstanding stock options by exercise price at October 31, 2018:

As of October 31, 2018, the aggregate intrinsic value of outstanding options was $0. This represents options whose exercise price was less than the closing fair market value of the Company’s common stock on October 31, 2018 of approximately $0.052 per share.

Warrants

The warrants issued by the Company are classified as equity. The fair value of the warrants was recorded as additional-paid-in-capital, and no further adjustments are made.

For stock warrants paid in consideration of services rendered by non-employees, the Company recognizes consulting expense in accordance with the requirements of ASC 505.

Effective May 24, 2017, the Company issued a common stock purchase warrant to the placement agent of the Company’s at-the-market and Block Trade offerings. The Company issued a warrant to purchase 833,333 shares based upon a Block Trade pursuant to the amended engagement agreement dated December 15, 2016 with the Company’s placement agent. The Company classified these warrants as equity, and the warrants have a term of five years with an exercise price of approximately $0.03 per share. Using the Black-Scholes-Merton warrant pricing model, the Company determined the aggregate value of these warrants to be approximately $20,000. The warrants have a cashless exercise feature.

Effective July 26, 2017, the Company issued a common stock purchase warrant to the placement agent of the Company’s at-the-market and Block Trade sales. The Company issued a warrant to purchase 2,000,000 shares based upon a Block Trade pursuant to the amended engagement agreement dated December 15, 2016 with the Company’s placement agent. The Company classified these warrants as equity, and the warrants have a term of five years with an exercise price of approximately $0.03 per share. Using the Black-Scholes-Merton warrant pricing model, the Company determined the aggregate value of these warrants to be approximately $23,000. The warrants have a cashless exercise feature.

Effective May 30, 2018, the Company issued a common stock purchase warrant to the placement agent of the Company’s at-the-market and Block Trade sales. The Company issued a warrant to purchase 1,388,889 shares based upon a Block Trade pursuant to the engagement agreement dated February 22, 2018 with the Company’s placement agent. The Company classified these warrants as equity, and the warrants have a term of five years with an exercise price of approximately $0.02 per share. Using the Black-Scholes-Merton warrant pricing model, the Company determined the aggregate value of these warrants to be approximately $19,000. The warrants have a cashless exercise feature.

Effective June 28, 2018, the Company issued a common stock purchase warrant to the placement agent of the Company’s at-the-market and Block Trade sales. The Company issued a warrant to purchase 1,923,077 shares based upon a Block Trade pursuant to the engagement agreement dated February 22, 2018 with the Company’s placement agent. The Company classified these warrants as equity, and the warrants have a term of five years with an exercise price of approximately $0.03 per share. Using the Black-Scholes-Merton warrant pricing model, the Company determined the aggregate value of these warrants to be approximately $38,000. The warrants have a cashless exercise feature.

A summary of the Company’s warrant activity and related information for the six months ended October 31, 2018 are shown below:

The following table summarizes additional information concerning warrants outstanding and exercisable at October 31, 2018: