NOTE 5 – STOCK OPTIONS AND WARRANTS

Stock Options

As of April 30, 2018, the Company had 95,250,000 outstanding stock options to its directors and officers (collectively, “Employee Options”) and consultants (“Non-Employee Options”).

During the years ended April 30, 2018 and 2017, the Company granted 11,950,000 and 9,250,000 Employee Options, respectively.

The fair value of the Employee Options at the date of grant was estimated using the Black-Scholes-Merton option-pricing model, based on the following weighted average assumptions:

The Company’s computation of expected volatility is based on the historical daily volatility of its publicly traded stock. For stock option grants issued during years ended April 30, 2018 and 2017, the Company used a calculated volatility for each grant. The Company lacks adequate information about the exercise behavior now and has determined the expected term assumption under the simplified method provided for under ASC 718, which averages the contractual term of the Company’s stock options of five years with the average vesting term of two and one-half years for an average of three years. The dividend yield assumption of zero is based upon the fact the Company has never paid cash dividends and presently has no intention of paying cash dividends. The risk-free interest rate used for each grant is equal to the U.S. Treasury rates in effect at the time of the grant for instruments with a similar expected life.

During the years ended April 30, 2018 and 2017, the Company granted Non-Employee Options of 4,200,000 and 14,300,000, respectively. The Non-Employee Options granted during the years ended April 30, 2018 and 2017 consist of 4,200,000 and 1,800,000 guaranteed options, respectively, and zero and 12,500,000 non-guaranteed performance-based options, respectively.

The fair value of the Non-Employee Options was estimated using the Black-Scholes-Merton option-pricing model, based on the following weighted average assumptions:

Non-Employee Option grants that do not vest immediately upon grant are recorded as an expense over the vesting period. At the end of each financial reporting period, the value of these options, as calculated using the Black-Scholes-Merton option-pricing model, is determined, and compensation expense recognized or recovered during the period is adjusted accordingly. As a result, the amount of the future compensation expense is subject to adjustment until the Common Stock options are fully vested.

A summary of the Company’s stock option activity and related information for the two years ended April 30, 2018 are shown below:

A summary of the activity for unvested stock options during the years ended April 30, 2018 and 2017 is as follows:

The Company recorded approximately $741,476 and $557,322 of stock-based compensation related to the issuance of Employee Options to certain officers and directors in exchange for services during the years ended April 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. At April 30, 2018, there remained approximately $232,023 of unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested Employee Options granted to officers and directors, to be recognized as expense over a weighted-average period of the remaining eight months. The non-vested options vest at 750,000 shares per month and are expected to be fully vested on December 31, 2018.

The Company recorded $203,602 and $40,078 of stock-based compensation related to the issuance of Non-Employee Options in exchange for services during the years ended April 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The non-vested Non-Employee Options that are guaranteed vest at 300,000 shares per month and are expected to be fully vested on December 31, 2018.

The following table summarizes ranges of outstanding stock options by exercise price at April 30, 2018:

The aggregate intrinsic value of outstanding options as of April 30, 2018 was zero. This represents options whose exercise price was less than the closing fair market value of the Company’s common stock on April 30, 2018 of approximately $0.054 per share.

Warrants

The warrants issued by the Company are classified as equity. The fair value of the warrants was recorded as additional-paid-in-capital, and no further adjustments are made.

For stock warrants paid in consideration of services rendered by non-employees, the Company recognizes consulting expense in accordance with the requirements of ASC 505.

During the year ended April 30, 2013, the Company entered into numerous “Private Placement” agreements whereby investors, in exchange for their investment, received restricted common stock of the Company and three classes of warrants all with five-year terms: (i) Class A with an exercise price of $0.075; (ii) Class B with an exercise price of $0.12; and (iii) Class C with an exercise price of $0.18. For each Class of warrant, there were 19,811,200 warrant shares issued.

In January 2014, the Company implemented a “Warrant Conversion Program” (“Program”) pertaining to all Class A warrants. The Program consisted of offering each holder of Class A warrants the ability to exercise all their Class A warrants into shares of common stock and also received an equal number of new Class D warrants, with an exercise price of $0.25 per warrant shares. The Program resulted in 18,755,200 Class A warrants being converted into restricted common stock and the issuance of the same number of Class D warrants to those who participated in the Program.

Additionally, during the year ended April 30, 2014 four of the Private Placement investors exercised 2,318,000 warrant shares of their Class B warrants into an equal number of shares of restricted common stock.

During the year ended April 30, 2018 all remaining original Private Placement warrants expired: (i) Class A, 1,056,000 warrant shares: (ii) Class B, 17,493,200 warrant shares; (iii) Class C, 18,755,200 warrant shares. All 18,755,200 Class D Warrants expired on December 31, 2016.

Effective January 1, 2017, the Company issued a Common Stock purchase warrant to the placement agent of the Company’s at-the-market and block trade offerings. The Company issued a warrant to purchase 769,231 shares based upon a block trade pursuant to the amended engagement agreement dated December 15, 2016 with the Company’s placement agent. The Company classified these warrants as equity, and the warrants have a term of five years with an exercise price of approximately $0.07 per share. Using the Black-Scholes-Merton warrant pricing model, the Company determined the aggregate value of these warrants to be approximately $40,000. The warrants have a cashless exercise feature.

Effective April 4, 2017, the Company issued a Common Stock purchase warrant to the placement agent of the Company’s at-the-market and block trade offerings. The Company issued a warrant to purchase 869,565 shares based upon a block trade pursuant to the amended engagement agreement dated March 21, 2017 with the Company’s placement agent. The Company classified these warrants as equity, and the warrants have a term of five years with an exercise price of approximately $0.05 per share. Using the Black-Scholes-Merton warrant pricing model, the Company determined the aggregate value of these warrants to be approximately $40,000. The warrants have a cashless exercise feature.

Effective May 24, 2017, the Company issued a Common Stock purchase warrant to the placement agent of the Company’s at-the-market and block trade offerings. The Company issued a warrant to purchase 833,333 shares based upon a block trade pursuant to the amended engagement agreement dated March 21, 2017 with the Company’s placement agent. The Company classified these warrants as equity, and the warrants have a term of five years with an exercise price of approximately $0.03 per share. Using the Black-Scholes-Merton warrant pricing model, the Company determined the aggregate value of these warrants to be approximately $20,000. The warrants have a cashless exercise feature.

Effective July 26, 2017, the Company issued a Common Stock purchase warrant to the placement agent of the Company’s at-the-market and block trade offerings. The Company issued a warrant to purchase 2,000,000 shares based upon a block trade pursuant to the amended engagement agreement dated March 21, 2017 with the Company’s placement agent. The Company classified these warrants as equity, and the warrants have a term of five years with an exercise price of approximately $0.03 per share. Using the Black-Scholes-Merton warrant pricing model, the Company determined the aggregate value of these warrants to be approximately $39,000. The warrants have a cashless exercise feature.

Effective February 27, 2018, the Company issued a Common Stock purchase warrant to the placement agent of the Company’s at-the-market and block trade offerings. The Company issued a warrant to purchase 1,666,667 shares based upon a block trade pursuant to the amended engagement agreement dated March 21, 2017 with the Company’s placement agent. The Company classified these warrants as equity, and the warrants have a term of five years with an exercise price of approximately $0.03 per share. Using the Black-Scholes-Merton warrant pricing model, the Company determined the aggregate value of these warrants to be approximately $37,000. The warrants have a cashless exercise feature.

A summary of the Company’s warrant activity and related information for the two years ended April 30, 2018 are shown below:

The following table summarizes additional information concerning warrants outstanding and exercisable at April 30, 2018: