Table of Contents  

As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on September 12, 2017

Registration No. 333-        

 

 

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

 

 

 

FORM S-3
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
UNDER
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933

 

 

 

PHARMACYTE BIOTECH, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 

 
Nevada  

 

23046 Avenida de la Carlota,
Suite 600,
Laguna Hills, CA 92653

(917) 595-2850

  62-1772151
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
  (Address, including zip code, and
telephone number, including area code,
of registrant’s principal executive
offices)
  (I.R.S. Employer Identification
Number)

 

 

 

Kenneth L. Waggoner

Chief Executive Officer
PharmaCyte Biotech, Inc.
23046 Avenida de la Carlota, Suite 600
Laguna Hills, CA 92653
(917) 595-2850

(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number,
including area code, of agent for service)

 

Copies to:

 

Merrill M. Kraines, Esq.

Pepper Hamilton LLP

620 Eighth Avenue 37th Floor

New York, New York 10018
Telephone: (212) 808-2711

Facsimile: (212) 658-9982

 

 

 

Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public: From time to time after this Registration Statement becomes effective.

 

 

   

 

 

If the only securities being registered on this form are being offered pursuant to dividend or interest reinvestment plans, please check the following box.  ¨

 

If any of the securities being registered on this form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (“Securities Act”), other than securities offered only in connection with dividend or interest reinvestment plans, check the following box.  x

 

If this form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act Registration Statement number of the earlier effective Registration Statement for the same offering.  ¨

 

If this form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act Registration Statement number of the earlier effective Registration Statement for the same offering.  ¨

 

If this Form is a Registration Statement pursuant to General Instruction I.D. or a post-effective amendment thereto that shall become effective upon filing with the Commission pursuant to Rule 462(e) under the Securities Act, check the following box.  ¨

 

If this Form is a post-effective amendment to a registration statement filed pursuant to General Instruction I.D. filed to register additional securities or additional classes of securities pursuant to Rule 413(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box.  ¨

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

 

Large Accelerated Filer   ¨   Accelerated Filer   ¨
       
Non-Accelerated Filer   ¨ (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)   Smaller Reporting Company   x
       
Emerging Growth Company   ¨        

 

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act. ¨

 

CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE

 

Title of each class of
securities to be
registered
  Amount to be
Registered (1)
    Proposed
maximum
offering price
per share (2)(3)
    Proposed
maximum
aggregate
offering price (2)
    Amount of
registration fee
 
                         
Common Stock, $0.0001 par value per share (4)                                
                                 
Preferred Stock, $0.0001 par value per share (4)                                
                                 
Warrants (4)                                
                                 
Debt securities (4)                                
                                 
Rights (4)                                
                                 
Units (4)(5)                                
                                 
Total                   $ 50,000,000     $ 5,795 (6)

 

(1) This Registration Statement includes $50,000,000 of securities which may be issued by the Registrant from time to time in indeterminate amounts and at indeterminate times. Securities registered hereunder may be sold separately, together or as units with other securities registered hereunder. Also, pursuant to Rule 416 under the Securities Act, the securities being registered hereunder include such indeterminate number of shares of common stock as may be issuable with respect to the shares being registered hereunder as a result of stock splits, stock dividends or similar transactions.

 

(2) The securities registered hereunder may be sold separately, or as units with other securities registered hereby. The proposed maximum offering price per unit will be determined by us in connection with the issuance of the securities. In no event will the aggregate offering price of all securities issued from time to time pursuant to this Registration Statement exceed $50.0 million or the equivalent thereof in one or more foreign currencies, foreign currency units or composite currencies.

 

(3) We have estimated the amount to be registered and the proposed maximum offering price solely for the purpose of calculating the registration fee pursuant to Rule 457(o) under the Securities Act. The amount and price are exclusive of accrued interest, if any, on the debt securities. The amount to be registered and proposed maximum aggregate offering price are not specified as to each class of security pursuant to General Instruction II.D of Form S-3 under the Securities Act.

 

(4) Subject to footnote (1), there is also being registered hereunder such indeterminate amount of securities (including shares or other classes of the Registrant’s stock that may be issued upon reclassification of unissued, authorized stock of the Registrant) as may be issued in exchange for or upon conversion of, as the case may be, the other securities registered hereunder. No separate consideration will be received for any securities registered hereunder that are issued in exchange for, or upon conversion of, as the case may be, such other securities.

 

(5) Each unit consists of any combination of two or more of the securities being registered.

 

(6) Calculated in accordance with Rule 457(o) under the Securities Act and paid herewith.

 

The Registrant hereby amends this Registration Statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the Registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this Registration Statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with section 8(a) of the Securities Act or until this Registration Statement shall become effective on such date as the Commission acting pursuant to said section 8(a), may determine.

 

 

 

 

 

 

   

 

 

THE INFORMATION IN THIS PROSPECTUS IS NOT COMPLETE AND MAY BE CHANGED. WE MAY NOT SELL THESE SECURITIES UNTIL THE REGISTRATION STATEMENT FILED WITH THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION IS EFFECTIVE. THIS PROSPECTUS IS NOT AN OFFER TO SELL THESE SECURITIES AND IS NOT SOLICITING AN OFFER TO BUY THESE SECURITIES IN ANY JURISDICTION WHERE THE OFFER OR SALE IS NOT PERMITTED.

 

SUBJECT TO COMPLETION, DATED SEPTEMBER 12, 2017

 

PROSPECTUS

 

 

$50,000,000
PHARMACYTE BIOTECH, INC.

 

Common Stock
Preferred Stock
Debt Securities
Warrants
Rights
Units

 

 

 

 

We may offer and sell, from time to time in one or more offerings, up to $50,000,000 of our common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, warrants and rights, or any combination of these securities, and/or units consisting of one or more of these securities. We may also offer common stock or preferred stock upon conversion of debt securities or exercise of warrants and common stock upon conversion of preferred stock. All of the securities listed above may be sold separately or as units with other securities.

 

This prospectus describes some of the general terms that may apply to these securities. When we decide to sell a particular class or series of securities, we will provide specific terms of the offered securities in one or more prospectus supplements. We may also authorize one or more free writing prospectuses to be provided to you in connection with these offerings.

 

The prospectus supplement and any documents incorporated by reference may also add, update or change information contained in or incorporated by reference into this prospectus. However, no prospectus supplement will offer a security that is not registered and described in this prospectus at the time of its effectiveness. You should read carefully this prospectus and any prospectus supplement, as well as the documents incorporated by reference or deemed to be incorporated by reference into this prospectus, and any free writing prospectus before you invest. This prospectus may not be used to offer or sell our securities, unless accompanied by a prospectus supplement relating to the offered securities.

 

Our common stock is quoted on the OTCQB under the symbol “PMCB.” Each prospectus supplement will contain information, where applicable, as to our listing on any securities exchange of the securities covered by the prospectus supplement.

 

These securities may be sold by us directly to purchasers, through dealers or agents, or to or through underwriters, or through a combination of these methods. See “Plan of Distribution” in this prospectus. We may also describe the plan of distribution for any particular offering of our securities in a prospectus supplement. If any agents, underwriters or dealers are involved in the sale of any securities in respect of which this prospectus is being delivered, we will disclose their names and the nature of our arrangements with them in a prospectus supplement. The net proceeds we expect to receive from any such sale will also be included in a prospectus supplement.

 

An investment in our securities involves a high degree of risk. See the sections entitled “Risk Factors” in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K and in any Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, as well as in any prospectus supplement or free writing prospectus related to these specific offerings.

 

We may amend or supplement this prospectus from time to time by filing amendments or supplements as required or related free writing prospectuses. You should read the entire prospectus and any amendments or supplements carefully before you make your investment decision.

 

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

 

The date of this prospectus is ___________ 2017

 

   

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

 

ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS   1 
PROSPECTUS SUMMARY   2 
THE OFFERING   2 
OUR COMPANY   2 
RISK FACTORS   7 
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS   8 
USE OF PROCEEDS   10 
RATIO OF EARNINGS TO FIXED CHARGES   11 
DIVIDEND POLICY   12 
DESCRIPTION OF THE SECURITIES WE MAY OFFER   13 
PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION   26 
LEGAL MATTERS   29 
EXPERTS   29 
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION   29 
INFORMATION INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE   29 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 -i- 

 

 

 

ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS

 

This prospectus is part of a Registration Statement that we filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) using a “shelf” registration process. Under this shelf registration process, we may offer from time to time securities described in this prospectus having a maximum aggregate offering price of $50,000,000 in one or more offerings. Each time we offer securities, we will prepare and file with the SEC a prospectus supplement or information that is incorporated by reference into this prospectus that describes the specific amounts, prices and terms of the securities we offer. We may also authorize one or more free writing prospectuses to be provided to you that may contain material information relating to these offerings and securities. The prospectus supplement also may add, update or change information contained in this prospectus or the documents incorporated herein by reference. You should read carefully this prospectus, any applicable prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus together with additional information described below under the caption “Where You Can Find More Information.”

 

This prospectus does not contain all the information provided in the Registration Statement we filed with the SEC. For further information about us or our securities offered hereby, you should refer to that Registration Statement, which you can obtain from the SEC as described below under “Where You Can Find More Information.”

 

You should rely only on the information contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus, any prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus. We have not authorized any other person to provide you with different information. If anyone provides you with different or inconsistent information, you should not rely on it. This prospectus is not an offer to sell securities, and it is not soliciting an offer to buy securities, in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted. You should assume that the information appearing in this prospectus, any prospectus supplement, any related free writing prospectus as well as information we have previously filed with the SEC and incorporated by reference, is accurate as of the date of those documents only. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed since those dates.

 

We may sell securities through underwriters or dealers, through agents, directly to purchasers or through any combination of these methods. We and our agents reserve the sole right to accept or reject in whole or in part any proposed purchase of securities. The prospectus supplement, which we will prepare and file with the SEC each time we offer securities, will set forth the names of any underwriters, agents or others involved in the sale of securities, and any applicable fee, commission or discount arrangements with them. See “Plan of Distribution.”

 

In this prospectus, unless otherwise indicated, the “Registrant,” “our company,” “we,” “us” or “our” refer to PharmaCyte Biotech, Inc., a Nevada corporation and its consolidated subsidiaries.

 

We have obtained a registered copyright for Cell-in-a-Box® in the United States. This prospectus contains references to our copyright. Solely for convenience, copyrights and trade names referred to in this prospectus, including logos, artwork and other visual displays, may appear without the ® or TM symbols, but such references are not intended to indicate, in any way, that we will not assert, to the fullest extent under applicable law, our rights or the rights of the applicable licensor to these trademarks and trade names. We do not intend our use or display of other companies’ trade names or trademarks to imply a relationship with, or endorsement or sponsorship of us by, any other company.

 

 

 

 -1- 

 

 

PROSPECTUS SUMMARY

 

This prospectus summary highlights certain information about our company and other information contained elsewhere in this prospectus or in documents incorporated by reference. This summary does not contain all of the information that you should consider before making an investment decision. You should carefully read the entire prospectus, any prospectus supplement, including the section entitled “Risk Factors” and the documents incorporated by reference into this prospectus, before making an investment decision.

 

THE OFFERING

 

This prospectus is part of a Registration Statement that we filed with the SEC utilizing a shelf registration process. Under this shelf registration process we may sell any combination of:

 

  · common stock;
     
  · preferred stock;
     
  · debt securities, in one or more series;
     
  · warrants to purchase any of the securities listed above;
     
  · rights to purchase common stock, preferred stock or warrants; and/or
     
  · units consisting of one or more of the foregoing

 

in one or more offerings up to a total dollar amount of $50,000,000. This prospectus provides you with a general description of the securities we may offer. Each time we sell securities, we will provide a prospectus supplement that will contain specific information about the terms of that specific offering and include a discussion of any risk factors or other special considerations that apply to those securities. The prospectus supplement may also add, update or change information contained in this prospectus. You should read both this prospectus and any prospectus supplement together with the additional information described under the heading “Where You Can Find More Information.”

 

OUR COMPANY

 

Overview

 

We are a clinical stage biotechnology company focused on developing and preparing to commercialize cellular therapies for cancer and diabetes based upon a proprietary cellulose-based live cell encapsulation technology known as “Cell-in-a-Box®.” The Cell-in-a-Box® technology is intended to be used as a platform upon which therapies for several types of cancer, including locally advanced, non-metastatic inoperable pancreatic cancer, and diabetes will be developed.

 

We are developing therapies for pancreatic and other solid cancerous tumors by using the encapsulation of live cells which are surgically implanted at appropriate sites in the body to enable the delivery of a cancer-killing chemotherapy drug at the source of the cancer. We are also developing a therapy for Type 1 diabetes and insulin-dependent Type 2 diabetes based upon the encapsulation of a human cell line genetically engineered to produce, store and secrete insulin at levels in proportion to the levels of blood sugar in the human body using our Cell-in-a-Box® technology. In addition, we are examining ways to exploit the benefits of the Cell-in-a-Box® technology to develop therapies for cancer based upon the constituents of the Cannabis plant, known as “cannabinoids.”

 

 

 

 -2- 

 

 

 

Cancer Therapy

 

Targeted Chemotherapy

 

Our live-cell encapsulation technology consists of encapsulating different types of genetically modified living cells, depending on the disease being treated. For our leading product candidate, a therapy for pancreatic cancer, about 10,000 genetically modified live cells that produce an enzyme, which converts the chemotherapy prodrug ifosfamide into its cancer-killing form, are encapsulated in porous, pinhead-sized capsules using the Cell-in-a-Box® technology. In each patient to be treated, about 300 of these capsules will be surgically implanted in the blood supply as close to the pancreatic tumor as possible, and then one-third the normal dose of the chemotherapy prodrug ifosfamide is given to the patient intravenously. The prodrug is normally activated in the patient’s liver. By activating the prodrug near the tumor using the Cell-in-a-Box® capsules, our cellular therapy acts as a type of “artificial liver.” Using this “targeted chemotherapy” we are seeking to create an environment that enables optimal concentrations of the “cancer-killing” form of ifosfamide at the site of the tumor. Because the cancer-killing form of ifosfamide has a short half-life, we believe that by using this treatment approach, it results in little to no collateral damage to other organs in the body. We believe this treatment significantly reduces tumor size with no treatment-related side effects.

 

Pancreatic Cancer Therapy

 

A critical unmet medical need exists for patients with pancreatic cancer whose tumors are locally advanced, non-metastatic and inoperable but no longer respond to Abraxane® plus gemcitabine, the current standard of care for advanced pancreatic cancer. These patients have no effective treatment alternative once their tumors no longer respond to this combination therapy. Commonly used treatments for these types of patients include 5-fluorouracil (“5-FU”) or capecitabine (a prodrug of 5-FU) with or without radiation. However, such treatments are only marginally effective in treating the tumor and result in serious side effects. We are developing a therapy that we believe can serve as a “consolidation therapy” with Abraxane® plus gemcitabine that addresses the critical unmet medical need.

 

Subject to United States Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) approval, we plan to commence a clinical trial involving locally advanced, inoperable non-metastatic pancreatic cancer (“LAPC”). We had a Pre-Investigational New Drug Application (“Pre-IND”) meeting with the Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research of the FDA (“CBER”) on January 17, 2017. At the Pre-IND meeting, the FDA communicated its agreement with certain aspects of our development plan, charged us with completing numerous tasks and provided us with the guidance we need to complete what we expect will be a successful IND process, although no assurance can be given whether the FDA will approve our IND once it is submitted. The proposed clinical trial is designed to show that our Cell-in-a-Box® plus low-dose ifosfamide therapy can serve as an effective and safe consolidation chemotherapy for patients whose tumors no longer respond after four to six months of therapy with Abraxane® plus gemcitabine. The trial will take place in the United States with possible study sites in Europe.

 

Malignant Ascites Fluid Therapy

 

We are also developing a therapy to delay the production and accumulation of malignant ascites fluid that results from many types of abdominal tumors. Malignant ascites fluid is secreted by such tumors into the abdomen after the tumors reach certain stages of growth. This fluid contains cancer cells that can seed and form new tumors throughout the abdomen. This fluid accumulates in the abdominal cavity, causing swelling of the abdomen, severe breathing difficulties and extreme pain.

 

Malignant ascites fluid must be surgically removed on a periodic basis. This is painful and costly. There is no therapy that prevents or delays the production and accumulation of malignant ascites fluid. We have been involved in a series of preclinical studies conducted by Translational Drug Development (“TD2”) to determine if the combination of Cell-in-a-Box® encapsulated cells plus ifosfamide can delay the production and accumulation of malignant ascites fluid. If the preclinical studies are successful and we receive approval to do so from the FDA, we plan to conduct a clinical trial in the United States. Also, we plan to have additional study sites in Europe if we receive approval to do so from the European Medicines Agency (“EMA”).

 

 

 

 -3- 

 

 

 

Diabetes Therapy

 

Diabetes

 

Diabetes is caused by insufficient availability of, or resistance to, insulin. Insulin is produced by the islet cells of the pancreas. Its function is to assist in the transport of sugar (glucose) in the blood to the inside of most types of cells in the body where it is used as a source of energy for those cells. In Type 1 diabetes the islet cells of the pancreas (the body’s insulin-producing cells) have been destroyed - usually by an autoimmune reaction. Type 1 diabetics require daily insulin administration through injection or by using an insulin pump. In Type 2 diabetes, the body does not use insulin properly. This means the body has become resistant to insulin. Type 2 diabetes can generally be controlled by diet and exercise in its early stages. As time goes by, it may be necessary to use antidiabetic drugs to control the disease. However, over time these too may lose their effectiveness. Thus, even Type 2 diabetics may become insulin-dependent.

 

Diabetes Epidemic

 

Diabetes is one of the largest health problems in the world. In its 2016 Global Report on Diabetes, the World Health Organization (“WHO”) estimated that, by the end of 2014, 422 million people worldwide had the disease – 314 million more than in 1980. Approximately 8.5% of adults worldwide have diabetes. Approximately $825 billion is spent annually in the treatment of diabetes and related healthcare. Nearly 30 million people in the United States have diabetes. Diabetes and prediabetes cost the United States more than $32 billion per year. The worldwide market for diabetes treatment drugs alone is over $70 billion.

 

Efforts to Cure Diabetes

 

In an attempt to “cure” Type 1 diabetes, replacement of damaged pancreatic beta islet cells has been attempted. This involves transplantation of the entire pancreas or of its beta islet insulin-producing cells. In 2000, islet cells from human cadavers were transplanted into insulin-dependent diabetics in a clinical trial. In this clinical trial involving seven patients in Edmonton, Canada, each patient remained insulin-independent for one year. But because of the high doses of immune-suppressive drugs that must accompany such transplantations (to avoid rejection of the transplanted islet cells), these patients were placed at a high risk of infection by bacteria, viruses and fungi and growth of cancerous tumors. The administration of these immunosuppressive drugs was necessary throughout the remaining lifespan of the patients in the trial. Unfortunately, these drugs are not only expensive but are associated with serious side effects that have required patients to cease treatment with them. Worldwide, less than 1,000 people with Type 1 diabetes are known to have been transplanted with pancreas islet cells from another human.

 

To avoid the use of islet cells from human donors, encapsulated islet cells from pigs have been used. This type of interspecies transplantation is known as xenotransplantation. Drug regulatory authorities have been reluctant to approve the use of such interspecies transplantations. In addition, other challenges with this approach include the potential for the body’s immune system to attack the transplanted cells. To protect the non-human cells from attack by the immune system of the human being, they have been encapsulated using forms of encapsulation technology that are different than the technology we use. In those studies, the transplanted islet cells from pigs were surrounded by a porous capsule, typically made of alginate - a derivative of seaweed.

 

Efforts to translate this concept into a viable treatment for Type 1 diabetes have been plagued by poor survival of the transplanted islet cells. The integrity of capsules composed of alginate has been shown to degrade over time. This degradation allows for immune system cells to attach to the transplanted pig islet cells and necessitates additional transplantations. Also, as the alginate “capsules” degrade, they themselves can elicit an immune response.

 

Different tubular and planar “chamber-type” immune-protective devices that contain islet cells are under development. Such devices are placed in the body where they can be retrieved and replaced if necessary. Tubular chambers have shown good biocompatibility, but they are subject to rupture, exposing the islets to immune system attack. They also require large numbers of islet cells. Planar chambers are more stable, but they can cause extensive foreign body reactions in the host resulting in fibrotic overgrowth of the chambers and thus transplant failure.

 

Among the most extensively researched immune-protective strategy is that which employs micro-capsules. They are relatively simple to manufacture, can be implanted into the body without major surgery and, depending on the nature of the encapsulation material, micro-encapsulated cells can be cryopreserved. Micro-encapsulated islet cells first appeared in 1994 when a diabetic patient, already receiving immunosuppressive drugs, was transplanted with these cells encapsulated in alginate and remained insulin-independent for 9 months. However, 22 years and numerous clinical trials later, there are still no publicly reported cases of long-term insulin-independence in non-immune-suppressed diabetic patients receiving encapsulated pancreatic islet transplants.

 

 

 

 -4- 

 

 

 

Bio-Artificial Pancreas for Diabetes

 

We plan to develop a therapy for Type 1 diabetes and insulin-dependent Type 2 diabetes. Our therapy involves encapsulation of human liver cells that have been genetically engineered to produce, store insulin and release insulin on demand at levels in proportion to the levels of blood sugar (glucose) in the human body. The encapsulation will be done using the Cell-in-a-Box® technology.

 

Austrianova Singapore Pte. Ltd. (“Austrianova”) has already successfully encapsulated live pig pancreas islet insulin-producing cells using the Cell-in-a-Box® technology and then implanted these encapsulated cells in diabetic rats. Soon after the capsules were implanted, the rats’ blood glucose levels normalized and remained normal throughout the study period of approximately six months. No immune system suppressing drugs were needed. Thus, the preclinical proof of principle for a bio-artificial pancreas has already been established using Cell-in-a-Box® capsules containing pig pancreas insulin-producing cells in a rat model of Type 1 diabetes.

 

We believe that encapsulating genetically engineered human cells using the Cell-in-a-Box® technology has numerous advantages over encapsulation of cells with other materials, such as alginate. Since the Cell-in-a-Box® capsules are composed largely of cellulose, which is a bio-inert material in the human body, these capsules are robust and do not trigger any sort of immune or inflammatory response from the body. This allows them to remain intact for long periods of time in the body, all the while protecting the living cells inside them from immune system attack. In earlier clinical studies, these capsules and the cells inside them have not caused any immune or inflammatory responses like those seen with alginate-encapsulated cells.

 

International Diabetes Consortium

 

We have established an international Diabetes Consortium (“Consortium”). The Consortium consists of world-renowned physicians and scientists from several countries around the globe, all of whom share the same goal of developing a therapy for Type 1 and insulin-dependent Type 2 diabetes.

 

In addition to our Chief Executive Officer, Chief Operating Officer, Chief Medical Officer and Chief Scientific Officer, the Consortium is made up of well-known physicians and scientists from leading Universities in Munich, Germany, Mannheim, Germany, Vienna, Austria, Barcelona, Spain, Copenhagen, Denmark and Sydney, Australia. It also includes members from the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm, Sweden, the Vorarlberg Institute for Vascular Investigation and Treatment (“VIVIT”) in Feldkirch, Austria and Austrianova in Singapore.

 

Dr. Eva Maria Brandtner, Head of the Bioencapsulation Unit at VIVIT, leads the Consortium and is our Director of Diabetes Program Development. Dr. Brandtner, who provides consulting services to us through our agreement with her employer, previously served as the Chief Scientist with Austrianova.

 

Cannabis Therapy

 

Cannabinoids

 

Numerous studies have demonstrated the anti-cancer effects of certain cannabinoids (constituents of Cannabis). Two of the most widely studied cannabinoids in this regard are tetrahydrocannabinol (“THC”) and cannabidiol (“CBD”). Cannabinoids are: (i) anti-proliferative (slowing tumor growth); (ii) anti-metastatic (slowing tumor spread); (iii) anti-angiogenic (slowing blood vessel penetration); and (iv) pro-apoptotic (initiating programed cell death). In in vitro and in vivo models, the anti-cancer effects of cannabinoids are broad. They have been shown to apply to lung, brain, thyroid, lymphoma, liver, skin, pancreatic, utererine, breast and prostate cancers. In a review of 51 scientific studies, it was demonstrated that cannabinoids have the ability to regulate cellular signaling pathways critical for cell growth and survival and could therefore be useful in the treatment of cancer.

 

As of June 2017, 29 states and the District of Columbia have approved the use of Cannabis for medical purposes. A plethora of medical marijuana companies have emerged. Most of them are involved in the production and distribution of Cannabis in its various forms, such as liquid extracts and pills, and Cannabis delivery systems, such as vapor pens. We believe we are one of the few who are focused on using cannabinoids for the treatment of specific diseases.

 

 

 

 -5- 

 

 

 

We have several major competitors developing Cannabis-based treatments for cancer. GW Pharmaceuticals, PLC, has an approved cannabinoid product for the treatment of multiple sclerosis spasticity and is developing a product portfolio to treat a variety of illnesses, including glioblastoma (brain cancer). Cannabis Science, Inc. is developing topical cannabinoid treatments for basal and squamous cell skin cancers and Kaposi’s sarcoma, and is exploring pre-clinical development of cannabinoid-based anti-cancer drugs in a collaborative agreement with the Dana Farber/Harvard Cancer Center. OWC Pharmaceutical Research Corp. is developing Cannabis-based products targeting a variety of indications and has a collaborative agreement with an academic medical center in Israel to study the effects of cannabinoids on multiple myeloma (a cancer of plasma cells). Cannabics Pharmaceuticals, Inc. is developing personalized anti-cancer and palliative Cannabis-based treatments aimed mainly at improving cachexia, anorexia syndrome and quality-of-life.

 

In contrast to the work being done by these companies, we plan to focus on developing specific therapies based on carefully chosen molecules rather than using complex Cannabis extracts. Our therapy will use the Cell-in-a-Box® technology in combination with genetically modified cell lines designed to activate Cannabinoid molecules for the treatment of diseases and their related symptoms. Our initial target will be brain cancer – a very difficult-to-treat form of cancer.

 

In May 2014, we entered a Research Agreement with the University of Northern Colorado. The goal of the research is to develop methods for the identification, separation and quantification of constituents of Cannabis, some of which are prodrugs, that may be used in combination with the Cell-in-a-Box® technology to treat cancer. Studies have been undertaken using cannabinoids to identify the appropriate cell type that can convert the selected cannabinoid prodrugs into metabolites with anticancer activity. Once identified, the genetically modified cells which are expected to produce the appropriate enzyme to convert that cannabinoid prodrug will be encapsulated using the Cell-in-a-Box® technology. The encapsulated cells and cannabinoid prodrugs identified by these studies will then be combined and used for future studies to evaluate their anticancer effectiveness.

 

Corporate History

 

We were incorporated in 1996. In 2013, we restructured our operations to focus on biotechnology, having been a nutraceutical products company before then. The restructuring occurred so we could develop a unique, effective and safe way to treat cancer and diabetes. On January 6, 2015, we changed our name from “Nuvilex, Inc.” to “PharmaCyte Biotech, Inc.” to reflect the nature of our business.

 

Principal Executive Office

 

Our principal executive offices are located at 23046 Avenida de la Carlota, Suite 600, Laguna Hills, CA 92653. Our website is located at www.pharmacyte.com, and our telephone number is (917) 595-2850. Information found on, or accessible through, our website is not a part of, and is not incorporated into, this prospectus, and you should not consider it part of this prospectus or part of any prospectus supplement. Our website address is included in this document as an inactive textual reference only.

 

 

 

 -6- 

 

 

RISK FACTORS

 

Investing in our securities involves a high degree of risk. Prior to making a decision about investing in our securities, you should carefully consider and evaluate the specific factors discussed under the heading “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2017, filed on July 27, 2017, with the SEC, and any updates described in subsequent Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, all of which are incorporated herein by reference, and may be amended, supplemented or superseded from time to time by other reports we file with the SEC in the future. The risks and uncertainties we have described are not the only risks that we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also affect our operations. The occurrence of these known or unknown risks might cause you to lose all or part of your investment.

 

See also the statements contained under the heading “Forward-Looking Statements.”

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 -7- 

 

 

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

 

This prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference herein contain “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (“Exchange Act”), that are intended to qualify for the “safe harbor” created by those sections. In addition, we may make forward-looking statements in other documents filed with or furnished to the SEC, and our management and other representatives may make forward-looking statements orally or in writing to analysts, investors, representatives of the media and others.

 

Forward-looking statements can generally be identified by the fact that they do not relate strictly to historical or current facts and include, but are not limited to, statements using terminology such as “can,” “may,” “could,” “should,” “assume,” “forecasts,” “believe,” “designated to,” “will,” “expect,” “plan,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “potential,” “position,” “predicts,” “strategy,” “guidance,” “intend,” “seek,” “budget,” “project” or “continue,” or the negative thereof or other comparable terminology regarding beliefs, plans, expectations or intentions regarding the future. You should read statements that contain these words carefully because they:

 

  · discuss our future expectations;
     
  · contain projections of our future results of operations or of our financial condition; and
     
  · state other “forward-looking” information.

 

We believe it is important to communicate our expectations. However, forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties and our actual results and the timing of certain events could differ materially from those discussed in forward-looking statements as a result of certain factors, including those set forth under “Risk Factors” and “About the Company” set forth in this prospectus and the documents incorporated herein by reference.

 

Accordingly, our actual results and the timing of certain events may differ materially from those expressed or implied in such forward-looking statements due to a variety of factors and risks, including, but not limited to, those set forth under “Risk Factors,” those set forth from time to time in our other filings with the SEC, and the following factors and risks:

 

·we have a short operating history and a relatively new business model;

 

·we have incurred significant losses since inception and currently have no commercial revenue and may never become profitable;

 

·we will need additional capital to continue our business plans;

 

·our estimates regarding expenses, future revenues, capital requirements and needs for additional financing;

 

·whether the FDA approves our Investigational New Drug Application (“IND”) once we submit it to the FDA so that we can commence our clinical trial involving locally advanced, inoperable non-metastatic cancer;

 

·the success and timing of our preclinical studies and clinical trials;

 

·the potential that results of preclinical studies and clinical trials may indicate that any of our technologies and product candidates are unsafe or ineffective;

 

·our dependence on third parties in the conduct of our preclinical studies and clinical trials;

 

·the difficulties and expenses associated with obtaining and maintaining regulatory approval of our product candidates;

 

·whether the FDA will approve our product candidates for marketing purposes;

 

·our ability to obtain and maintain intellectual property protection for our technology and products;

 

·whether we become involved in lawsuits to protect or enforce our patents or other intellectual property;

 

·our ability to obtain licenses from third parties for certain intellectual property; and

 

·the legalization in the United States of medical Cannabis.

 

 

 

 -8- 

 

 

All forward-looking statements and risk factors included in this prospectus and the documents incorporated herein by reference are made as of the date hereof, based on information available to us as of such date, and we assume no obligations to update any forward-looking statement or risk factor, unless we are required to do so by law. If we do update one or more forward-looking statements, no inference should be drawn that we will make updates with respect to other forward-looking statements or that we will make any further updates to those forward-looking statements at any future time.

 

Forward-looking statements may include our plans and objectives for future operations, including plans and objectives relating to our products and our future economic performance, projections, business strategy and timing and likelihood of success. Assumptions relating to the foregoing involve judgments with respect to, among other things, future economic, competitive and market conditions, future business decisions, and the time and money required to successfully complete development and commercialization of our technologies, all of which are difficult or impossible to predict accurately and many of which are beyond our control.

 

Any of the assumptions underlying the forward-looking statements contained in this prospectus could prove inaccurate and, therefore, we cannot assure you that the results contemplated in any of such forward-looking statements will be realized. Based on the significant uncertainties inherent in these forward-looking statements, the inclusion of any such statement should not be regarded as a representation or as a guarantee by us that our objectives or plans will be achieved, and we caution you against relying on any of the forward-looking statements contained herein.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 -9- 

 

 

USE OF PROCEEDS

 

Except as otherwise provided in the applicable prospectus supplement, we intend to use the net proceeds from the sale of the securities covered by this prospectus for general corporate purposes, which may include, but are not limited to, working capital, capital expenditures, business development and research and development expenditures and acquisitions of new technologies or businesses. The precise amount, use and timing of the application of such proceeds will depend upon our funding requirements and the availability and cost of other capital. Additional information on the use of net proceeds from an offering of securities covered by this prospectus may be set forth in the prospectus supplement relating to the specific offering.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 -10- 

 

 

RATIO OF EARNINGS TO FIXED CHARGES

 

Any time debt securities are offered pursuant to this prospectus, we will provide a table setting forth our ratio of earnings to fixed charges on a historical basis in the applicable prospectus supplement, if required.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 -11- 

 

 

DIVIDEND POLICY

 

We have never declared or paid any cash dividends on our common stock. We do not anticipate paying any cash dividends to stockholders in the foreseeable future. In addition, any future determination to pay cash dividends will be at the discretion of our board of directors and will be dependent upon our financial condition, results of operations, capital requirements, and such other factors as our board of directors deems relevant.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 -12- 

 

 

DESCRIPTIONS OF THE SECURITIES WE MAY OFFER

 

The descriptions of the securities contained in this prospectus, together with any applicable prospectus supplement, summarize all the material terms and provisions of the various types of securities that we may offer. We will describe in the applicable prospectus supplement relating to a particular offering the specific terms of the securities offered by that prospectus supplement. We will indicate in the applicable prospectus supplement if the terms of the securities differ from the terms we have summarized below. We will also include in the prospectus supplement information, where applicable, regarding material United States federal income tax considerations relating to the securities.

 

We may sell from time to time, in one or more offerings:

 

  · shares of our common stock;
     
  · shares of our preferred stock;
     
  · debt securities;
     
  · warrants to purchase any of the securities listed above;
     
  · rights to purchase common stock, preferred stock or warrants; and/or
     
  · units consisting of one or more of the foregoing.

 

This prospectus may not be used to consummate a sale of securities unless it is accompanied by a prospectus supplement.

 

CAPITAL STOCK

 

General

 

The following description of common stock and preferred stock, together with the additional information we include in any applicable prospectus supplement, summarizes the material terms and provisions of the common stock and preferred stock that we may offer under this prospectus but is not complete. For the complete terms of our common stock and preferred stock, please refer to our articles of incorporation, as may be amended from time to time, any certificates of designation for our preferred stock, that may be authorized from time to time, and our bylaws, as amended from time to time. The Nevada Revised Statutes may also affect the terms of these securities. While the terms we have summarized below will apply generally to any future common stock or preferred stock that we may offer, we will describe the specific terms of any series of these securities in more detail in the applicable prospectus supplement. If we so indicate in a prospectus supplement, the terms of any common stock or preferred stock we offer under that prospectus supplement may differ from the terms we describe below.

 

As of September 5, 2017, our authorized capital stock consists of 1,490,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, of which 973,167,811 shares were issued and outstanding, and 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.0001 per share, of which 13,500 shares have been designated as "Series E Convertible Preferred Stock." There are no outstanding shares of preferred stock or Series E Convertible Preferred Stock as of September 5, 2017. The authorized and unissued shares of common stock and preferred stock are available for issuance without further action by our stockholders, unless such action is required by applicable law or the rules of any stock exchange on which our securities may be listed. Unless approval of our stockholders is so required, our board of directors will not seek stockholder approval for the issuance and sale of our common stock.

 

Common Stock

 

Each shareholder of our common stock is entitled to one vote for each share issued and outstanding held on all matters to be voted upon by the shareholders. Our shares of common stock have no preemptive, conversion, or redemption rights. Upon the sale of substantially all of our stock or assets or dissolution, liquidation or winding up, and after all liquidation preferences payable to any series of preferred stock entitled thereto have been satisfied, our remaining assets shall be distributed to all holders of common stock and any similarly situated stockholders who are not entitled to any liquidation preference or, if there be an insufficient amount to pay all such stockholders, then ratably among such holders. All of our issued and outstanding shares of common stock are fully paid and non-assessable. Our articles of incorporation do not provide for cumulative voting in the election of directors. The holders of shares of our common stock will be entitled to such cash dividends as may be declared from time to time by our board of directors from funds available therefor.

 

 

 

 -13- 

 

 

Our common stock is quoted and traded on the OTCQB under the symbol “PMCB.” The transfer agent and registrar for our common stock is American Stock Transfer & Trust Company.

 

Options and Warrants

 

As of September 5, 2017, we had stock options to purchase 85,750,000 shares of common stock and warrants to purchase 70,686,837 shares of common stock.

 

Preferred Stock

 

Our articles of incorporation, as amended and restated, provide that our board of directors may, by resolution, designate classes of preferred stock in the future. The designated series of preferred stock will have such powers, designations, preferences and relative participation or optional or other special rights and qualifications, limitations or restrictions as expressed in the resolution adopted by the board of directors. Once designated by our board of directors, each series of preferred stock will have specific financial and other terms that will be described in a prospectus supplement. The description of the preferred stock that is set forth in any prospectus supplement is not complete without reference to the documents that govern the preferred stock. These include our articles of incorporation, as amended and restated, and any certificates of designation that our board of directors may adopt. Before the issuance of shares of each series of preferred stock, the board of directors is required by the Nevada Revised Statutes and our articles of incorporation to adopt resolutions and file a certificate of designations with the Secretary of State of the State of Nevada. The certificate of designations fixes for each class or series the designations, powers, preferences, rights, qualifications, limitations and restrictions, including, but not limited to, some or all of the following:

 

  · the number of shares constituting that series and the distinctive designation of that series, which number may be increased or decreased (but not below the number of shares then outstanding) from time to time by action of the board of directors;
     
  · the dividend rate and the manner and frequency of payment of dividends on the shares of that series, whether dividends will be cumulative, and, if so, from which date;
     
  · whether that series will have voting rights, in addition to any voting rights provided by law, and, if so, the terms of such voting rights;
     
  · whether that series will have conversion privileges, and, if so, the terms and conditions of such conversion, including provision for adjustment of the conversion rate in such events as the board of directors may determine;
     
  · whether or not the shares of that series will be redeemable, and, if so, the terms and conditions of such redemption;
     
  · whether that series will have a sinking fund for the redemption or purchase of shares of that series, and, if so, the terms and amount of such sinking fund;
     
  · whether or not the shares of the series will have priority over or be on a parity with or be junior to the shares of any other series or class in any respect;
     
  · the rights of the shares of that series in the event of voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the corporation, and the relative rights or priority, if any, of payment of shares of that series; and
     
  · any other relative rights, preferences and limitations of that series.

 

 

 

 -14- 

 

 

All shares of preferred stock offered hereby will, when issued, be fully paid and non-assessable, including shares of preferred stock issued upon the exercise of preferred stock warrants or subscription rights, if any.

 

Although our board of directors has no intention at the present time of doing so, it could authorize the issuance of a series of preferred stock that could, depending on the terms of such series, impede the completion of a merger, tender offer or other takeover attempt.

 

Series E Convertible Preferred Stock

 

The Series E Convertible Preferred Stock have the following features:

 

  · The holders of Series E Convertible Preferred Stock are entitled to receive cash out of our assets before any amount is paid to the holders of any capital stock of any class junior in rank to the shares of Series E Convertible Preferred Stock;
     
  · Each share of Series E Convertible Preferred Stock is convertible, at the holder’s option, into shares of common stock at the average closing bid price of the common stock for five trading days prior to the conversion date;
     
  · We have the right, in our sole discretion, at any time 110 days after issuance of shares of Series E Convertible Preferred Stock, to redeem all of the shares of Series E Convertible Preferred Stock upon thirty days advance written notice at a redemption price equal to the par value of the shares of the Series E Convertible Preferred Stock; and
     
  · At every meeting of stockholders every holder of shares of Series E Convertible Preferred Stock is entitled to 50,000 votes for each share of Series E Convertible Preferred Stock with the same and identical voting rights as a holder of a share of common stock.

 

WARRANTS

 

The following description, together with the additional information we may include in any applicable prospectus supplement or free writing prospectus, summarizes the material terms and provisions of the warrants that we may offer under this prospectus and any related warrant agreement and warrant certificate. While the terms summarized below will apply generally to any warrants that we may offer, we will describe the specific terms of any series of warrants in more detail in the applicable prospectus supplement. If we indicate in the prospectus supplement, the terms of any warrants offered under that prospectus supplement may differ from the terms described below. Specific warrant agreements will contain additional important terms and provisions and will be incorporated by reference as an exhibit to the Registration Statement which includes this prospectus.

 

General

 

We may issue warrants for the purchase of common stock, preferred stock and/or debt securities in one or more series. We may issue warrants independently or together with common stock, preferred stock and/or debt securities, and the warrants may be attached to or separate from these securities.

 

We will evidence each series of warrants by warrant certificates that we may issue under a separate agreement. We may enter into a warrant agreement with a warrant agent. Each warrant agent may be a bank that we select which has its principal office in the United States. We may also choose to act as our own warrant agent. We will indicate the name and address of any such warrant agent in the applicable prospectus supplement relating to a particular series of warrants.

 

 

 

 

 -15- 

 

 

We will describe in the applicable prospectus supplement the terms of the series of warrants, including:

 

  · the offering price and aggregate number of warrants offered;
     
  · if applicable, the designation and terms of the securities with which the warrants are issued and the number of warrants issued with each such security or each principal amount of such security;
     
  · if applicable, the date on and after which the warrants and the related securities will be separately transferable;
     
  · in the case of warrants to purchase debt securities, the principal amount of debt securities purchasable upon exercise of one warrant and the price at, and currency in which, this principal amount of debt securities may be purchased upon such exercise;
     
  · in the case of warrants to purchase common stock or preferred stock, the number or amount of shares of common stock or preferred stock, as the case may be, purchasable upon the exercise of one warrant and the price at which and currency in which these shares may be purchased upon such exercise;
     
  · the manner of exercise of the warrants, including any cashless exercise rights;
     
  · the warrant agreement under which the warrants will be issued;
     
  · the effect of any merger, consolidation, sale or other disposition of our business on the warrant agreement and the warrants;
     
  · anti-dilution provisions of the warrants, if any;
     
  · the terms of any rights to redeem or call the warrants;
     
  · any provisions for changes to or adjustments in the exercise price or number of securities issuable upon exercise of the warrants;
     
  · the dates on which the right to exercise the warrants will commence and expire or, if the warrants are not continuously exercisable during that period, the specific date or dates on which the warrants will be exercisable;
     
  · the manner in which the warrant agreement and warrants may be modified;
     
  · the identities of the warrant agent and any calculation or other agent for the warrants;
     
  · federal income tax consequences of holding or exercising the warrants;
     
  · the terms of the securities issuable upon exercise of the warrants;
     
  · any securities exchange or quotation system on which the warrants or any securities deliverable upon exercise of the warrants may be listed or quoted; and
     
  · any other specific terms, preferences, rights or limitations of or restrictions on the warrants.

 

Before exercising their warrants, holders of warrants will not have any of the rights of holders of the securities purchasable upon such exercise, including:

 

  · in the case of warrants to purchase debt securities, the right to receive payments of principal of, or premium, if any, or interest on, the debt securities purchasable upon exercise or to enforce covenants in the applicable indenture; or
     
  · in the case of warrants to purchase common stock or preferred stock, the right to receive dividends, if any, or, payments upon our liquidation, dissolution or winding up or to exercise voting rights, if any.

 

 

 

 

 -16- 

 

 

Exercise of Warrants

 

Each warrant will entitle the holder to purchase the securities that we specify in the applicable prospectus supplement at the exercise price that we describe in the applicable prospectus supplement. Unless we otherwise specify in the applicable prospectus supplement, holders of the warrants may exercise the warrants at any time up to 5:00 P.M. eastern time on the expiration date that we set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement. After the close of business on the expiration date, unexercised warrants will become void.

 

Holders of the warrants may exercise the warrants by delivering the warrant certificate representing the warrants to be exercised together with specified information, and paying the required exercise price by the methods provided in the applicable prospectus supplement. We will set forth on the reverse side of the warrant certificate, and in the applicable prospectus supplement, the information that the holder of the warrant will be required to deliver to the warrant agent.

 

Upon receipt of the required payment and the warrant certificate properly completed and duly executed at the corporate trust office of the warrant agent or any other office indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement, we will issue and deliver the securities purchasable upon such exercise. If fewer than all of the warrants represented by the warrant certificate are exercised, then we will issue a new warrant certificate for the remaining amount of warrants.

 

Enforceability of Rights by Holders of Warrants

 

Any warrant agent will act solely as our agent under the applicable warrant agreement and will not assume any obligation or relationship of agency or trust with any holder of any warrant. A single bank or trust company may act as warrant agent for more than one issue of warrants. A warrant agent will have no duty or responsibility in case of any default by us under the applicable warrant agreement or warrant, including any duty or responsibility to initiate any proceedings at law or otherwise, or to make any demand upon us. Any holder of a warrant may, without the consent of the related warrant agent or the holder of any other warrant, enforce by appropriate legal action the holder’s right to exercise, and receive the securities purchasable upon exercise of, its warrants in accordance with their terms.

 

Warrant Agreement Will Not Be Qualified Under Trust Indenture Act of 1939

 

No warrant agreement will be qualified as an indenture, and no warrant agent will be required to qualify as a trustee, under the Trust Indenture Act of 1939. Therefore, holders of warrants issued under a warrant agreement will not have the protection of the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 with respect to their warrants.

 

Governing Law

 

Each warrant agreement and any warrants issued under the warrant agreements will be governed by New York law.

 

Outstanding Warrants

 

On January 21, 2014, we began the implementation of our “Warrant Conversion Program.” The program consists of offering every holder of Class A warrants the ability to exercise their Class A warrants, with an exercise price of $0.075 per share, into shares of common stock and an equal number of new Class D warrants, with an exercise price of $0.25 per warrant share. As of September 5, 2017, 18,755,200 Class A warrants had been converted for total cash proceeds of $1,380,720 and conversion of $25,920 of debt to an officer. We have also offered holders of our Class B warrants, with a conversion price of $0.12 per share, the same conversion terms. As of September 5, 2017, 2,318,000 Class B warrants had been exercised for total cash proceeds of $278,160. An aggregate of 18,755,200 Class D Warrants have been issued in under this program at an exercise price of $0.25 per share.

 

On September 1, 2014, we granted 854,308 Class B Warrants to purchase common stock as part of the Warrant Conversion Program. All 18,755,200 Class D Warrants expired on December 31, 2016. None were exercised.

 

On March 23, 2015, we granted 10,000,000 cashless warrants to acquire stock at an exercise price of $0.11 per share, which expire on March 23, 2020. On March 23, 2015, we granted 5,000,000 warrants to acquire stock at an exercise price of $0.11 per share. The warrants expired on December 31, 2015 without the warrants being exercised.

 

 

 

 -17- 

 

 

On January 7, 2016, we entered a Stock and Warrant Purchase Agreements with two investors and closed a private placement to them. Pursuant to the Stock and Warrant Purchase Agreements, we sold to the investors, in equal amounts, an aggregate of 17,000,000 shares of our unregistered common stock. We also sold to the investors, in equal amounts, unregistered warrants to purchase an additional total of 17,000,000 shares of our unregistered common stock, for $1,020,000 in aggregate gross proceeds. The terms of the Stock and Warrant Purchase Agreements for these warrants state the exercise price is $0.12 per share. The expiration date of these warrants is January 7, 2021. These warrants have a cashless exercise feature.

 

Effective January 1, 2017, we issued a warrant to purchase 769,231 shares based upon a block trade pursuant to the amended engagement agreement dated December 15, 2016 with our placement agent. The warrants have a cashless exercise feature.

 

Effective April 4, 2017, we issued a warrant to purchase 869,565 shares based upon a block trade pursuant to the amended engagement agreement dated December 15, 2016 with our placement agent. The warrants have a cashless exercise feature.

 

Effective May 24, 2017, we issued a warrant to purchase 833,333 shares based upon a block trade pursuant to the amended engagement agreement dated December 15, 2016 with our placement agent. These warrants have a cashless exercise feature.

 

Effective July 26, 2017, we issued a warrant to purchase 2,000,000 shares based upon a block trade pursuant to the amended engagement agreement dated December 15, 2016 with our placement agent. These warrants have a cashless exercise feature.

 

DEBT SECURITIES

 

The following description, together with the additional information we include in any applicable prospectus supplements, summarizes the material terms and provisions of the debt securities that we may offer under this prospectus. While the terms we have summarized below will generally apply to any future debt securities we may offer under this prospectus, we will describe the particular terms of any debt securities that we may offer in more detail in the applicable prospectus supplement or a free writing prospectus. The terms of any debt securities we offer under a prospectus supplement or a free writing prospectus may differ from the terms we describe below. As of the date of this prospectus, we have no outstanding registered debt securities.

 

We will issue senior notes under a senior indenture, which we will enter into with the trustee to be named in the senior indenture. We will issue subordinated notes under a subordinated indenture, which we will enter into with the trustee to be named in the subordinated indenture. We have filed forms of these documents as exhibits to the Registration Statement of which this prospectus is a part. We use the term “indentures” to refer to both the senior indenture and the subordinated indenture.

 

The indentures will be qualified under the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, unless an exemption from the qualification provisions is applicable. References to the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 include all amendments thereto. We use the term “debenture trustee” to refer to either the senior trustee or the subordinated trustee, as applicable.

 

The following summaries of material provisions of the senior notes, the subordinated notes and the indentures are subject to, and qualified in their entirety by reference to, all the provisions of the indenture applicable to a particular series of debt securities, and all supplements thereto. We urge you to read the applicable prospectus supplements related to the debt securities that we sell under this prospectus, as well as the complete indentures that contain the terms of the debt securities. Except as we may otherwise indicate, the terms of the senior and the subordinated indentures are identical.

 

 

 

 -18- 

 

 

General

 

The terms of each series of debt securities will be established by or pursuant to a resolution of our board of directors and set forth or determined in the manner provided in an officers’ certificate or by a supplemental indenture. Debt securities may be issued in separate series without limitation as to aggregate principal amount. We may specify a maximum aggregate principal amount for the debt securities of any series. In addition, the particular terms of each series of debt securities will be described in a prospectus supplement relating to such series, including any pricing supplement. The prospectus supplement will set forth, among other things:

 

  · the title;
  · the principal amount being offered, and, if a series, the total amount authorized and the total amount outstanding;
  · any limit on the amount that may be issued;
  · whether or not we will issue the series of debt securities in global form and, if so, the terms and who the depositary will be;
  · the maturity date;
  · whether and under what circumstances, if any, we will pay additional amounts on any debt securities held by a person who is not a U.S. person for tax purposes, and whether we can redeem the debt securities if we have to pay such additional amounts;
  · the annual interest rate, which may be fixed or variable, or the method for determining the rate, the date interest will begin to accrue, the dates interest will be payable and the regular record dates for interest payment dates or the method for determining such dates;
  · the terms of the subordination of any series of subordinated debt, if applicable;
  · the place where payments will be payable;
  · restrictions on transfer, sale or other assignment, if any;
  · our right, if any, to defer payment of interest and the maximum length of any such deferral period;
  · the date, if any, after which, the conditions upon which, and the price at which we may, at our option, redeem the series of debt securities pursuant to any optional or provisional redemption provisions, and any other applicable terms of those redemption provisions;
  · the date, if any, on which, and the price at which we are obligated, pursuant to any mandatory sinking fund or analogous fund provisions or otherwise, to redeem, or at the holder’s option to purchase, the series of debt securities and the currency or currency unit in which the debt securities are payable;
  · whether the indenture will restrict our ability and/or the ability of our subsidiaries to, among other things:
    o     incur additional indebtedness;
    o     issue additional securities;
    o     create liens;
    o     pay dividends and make distributions in respect of our capital stock and the capital stock of our subsidiaries;
    o     redeem capital stock;
    o     place restrictions on our subsidiaries’ ability to pay dividends, make distributions or transfer assets;
    o     make investments or other restricted payments;
    o     sell or otherwise dispose of assets;
    o     enter into sale-leaseback transactions;
    o     engage in transactions with stockholders and affiliates;
    o     issue or sell stock of our subsidiaries; or
    o     effect a consolidation or merger;
  · whether the indenture will require us to maintain any interest coverage, fixed charge, cash flow-based, asset-based or other financial ratios;
  · information describing any book-entry features;
  · provisions for a sinking fund purchase or other analogous fund, if any;
  · whether the debt securities are to be offered at a price such that they will be deemed to be offered at an “original issue discount” as defined in paragraph (a) of Section 1273 of the Internal Revenue Code;
  · the procedures for any auction and remarketing, if any;
  · the denominations in which we will issue the series of debt securities, if other than denominations of $1,000 and any integral multiple thereof;
  · if other than U.S. dollars, the currency in which the series of debt securities will be denominated; and
  · any other specific terms, preferences, rights or limitations of, or restrictions on, the debt securities, including any events of default that are in addition to those described in this prospectus or any covenants provided with respect to the debt securities that are in addition to those described above, and any terms that may be required by us or advisable under applicable laws or regulations or advisable in connection with the marketing of the debt securities.

 

 

 

 

 -19- 

 

 

Conversion or Exchange Rights

 

We will set forth in the prospectus supplement the terms on which a series of debt securities may be convertible into or exchangeable for common stock or other securities of ours or a third party, including the conversion or exchange rate, as applicable, or how it will be calculated, and the applicable conversion or exchange period. We will include provisions as to whether conversion or exchange is mandatory, at the option of the holder or at our option. We may include provisions pursuant to which the number of our securities or the securities of a third party that the holders of the series of debt securities receive upon conversion or exchange would, under the circumstances described in those provisions, be subject to adjustment, or pursuant to which those holders would, under those circumstances, receive other property upon conversion or exchange, for example in the event of our merger or consolidation with another entity.

 

Consolidation, Merger or Sale

 

The indentures in the forms initially filed as exhibits to the Registration Statement of which this prospectus is a part do not contain any covenant that restricts our ability to merge or consolidate, or sell, convey, transfer or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of our assets. However, any successor of ours or the acquirer of such assets must assume all of our obligations under the indentures and the debt securities.

 

If the debt securities are convertible for our other securities, the person with whom we consolidate or merge or to whom we sell all of our property must make provisions for the conversion of the debt securities into securities that the holders of the debt securities would have received if they had converted the debt securities before the consolidation, merger or sale.

 

Events of Default under the Indenture

 

The following are events of default under the indentures in the forms initially filed as exhibits to the Registration Statement with respect to any series of debt securities that we may issue:

 

  · if we fail to pay interest when due and payable and our failure continues for 90 days and the time for payment has not been extended or deferred;
     
  · if we fail to pay the principal, sinking fund payment or premium, if any, when due and payable and the time for payment has not been extended or delayed;
     
  · if we fail to observe or perform any other covenant contained in the debt securities or the indentures, other than a covenant specifically relating to another series of debt securities, and our failure continues for 90 days after we receive notice from the debenture trustee or holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of the applicable series; and
     
  · if specified events of bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization occur.

 

If an event of default with respect to debt securities of any series occurs and is continuing, other than an event of default specified in the last bullet point above, the debenture trustee or the holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of that series, by notice to us in writing, and to the debenture trustee if notice is given by such holders, may declare the unpaid principal of, premium, if any, and accrued interest, if any, due and payable immediately. If an event of default specified in the last bullet point above occurs with respect to us, the principal amount of and accrued interest, if any, of each issue of debt securities then outstanding shall be due and payable without any notice or other action on the part of the debenture trustee or any holder.

 

The holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of an affected series may waive any default or event of default with respect to the series and its consequences, except defaults or events of default regarding payment of principal, premium, if any, or interest, unless we have cured the default or event of default in accordance with the indenture. Any waiver shall cure the default or event of default.

 

 

 

 -20- 

 

 

Subject to the terms of the indentures, if an event of default under an indenture shall occur and be continuing, the debenture trustee will be under no obligation to exercise any of its rights or powers under such indenture at the request or direction of any of the holders of the applicable series of debt securities, unless such holders have offered the debenture trustee reasonable indemnity. The holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of any series will have the right to direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the debenture trustee, or exercising any trust or power conferred on the debenture trustee, with respect to the debt securities of that series, provided that:

 

  · the direction so given by the holder is not in conflict with any law or the applicable indenture; and
     
  · subject to its duties under the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, the debenture trustee need not take any action that might involve it in personal liability or might be unduly prejudicial to the holders not involved in the proceeding.

 

A holder of the debt securities of any series will only have the right to institute a proceeding under the indentures or to appoint a receiver or trustee, or to seek other remedies if:

 

  · the holder has given written notice to the debenture trustee of a continuing event of default with respect to that series;
     
  · the holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of that series have made written request, and such holders have offered reasonable indemnity, to the debenture trustee to institute the proceeding as trustee; and
     
  · the debenture trustee does not institute the proceeding and does not receive from the holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of that series other conflicting directions within 90 days after the notice, request and offer.

 

These limitations do not apply to a lawsuit instituted by a holder of debt securities if we default in the payment of the principal, premium, if any, or interest on, the debt securities.

 

We will periodically file statements with the debenture trustee regarding our compliance with specified covenants in the indentures.

 

Modification of Indenture; Waiver

 

We and the debenture trustee may change an indenture without the consent of any holders with respect to specific matters, including:

 

  · to fix any ambiguity, defect or inconsistency in the indenture;
     
  · to comply with the provisions described above under “—Consolidation, Merger or Sale”;
     
  · to comply with any requirements of the SEC in connection with the qualification of any indenture under the Trust Indenture Act of 1939;
     
  · to evidence and provide for the acceptance of appointment by a successor trustee;
     
  · to provide for uncertificated debt securities and to make all appropriate changes for such purpose;
     
  · to add to, delete from, or revise the conditions, limitations and restrictions on the authorized amount, terms or purposes of issuance, authorization and delivery of debt securities or any series, as set forth in the indenture;
     
  · to provide for the issuance of and establish the form and terms and conditions of the debt securities of any series as provided under “—General” to establish the form of any certifications required to be furnished pursuant to the terms of the indenture or any series of debt securities, or to add to the rights of the holders of any series of debt securities;
     
  · to add to our covenants such new covenants, restrictions, conditions or provisions for the protection of the holders, to make the occurrence, or the occurrence and the continuance, of a default in any such additional covenants, restrictions, conditions or provisions an event of default, or to surrender any of our rights or powers under the indenture; or
     
  · to change anything that does not materially adversely affect the interests of any holder of debt securities of any series.

 

 

 

 

 -21- 

 

 

In addition, under the indentures, the rights of holders of a series of debt securities may be changed by us and the debenture trustee with the written consent of the holders of at least a majority in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of each series that is affected. However, we and the debenture trustee may only make the following changes with the consent of each holder of any outstanding debt securities affected:

 

  · extending the fixed maturity of the series of debt securities;
     
  · reducing the principal amount, reducing the rate of or extending the time of payment of interest, or reducing any premium payable upon the redemption of any debt securities; or
     
  · reducing the percentage of debt securities, the holders of which are required to consent to any amendment, supplement, modification or waiver.

 

Discharge

 

Each indenture provides that we can elect to be discharged from our obligations with respect to one or more series of debt securities, except that the following obligations, among others survive until the maturity date or the redemption date:

 

  · register the transfer or exchange of debt securities of the series;
     
  · replace stolen, lost or mutilated debt securities of the series;
     
  · maintain paying agencies;
     
  · hold monies for payment in trust; and
     
  · appoint any successor trustee;

 

and the following obligations survive the maturity date or the redemption date:

 

  · recover excess money held by the debenture trustee; and
     
  · compensate and indemnify the debenture trustee.

 

As more fully set forth in the indentures, in order to exercise our rights to be discharged, we must either deliver for cancellation all securities of a series to the debenture trustee or must deposit with the debenture trustee money or government obligations sufficient to pay all the principal of, any premium, if any, and interest on, the debt securities of the series on the dates payments are due.

 

Form, Exchange and Transfer

 

We will issue the debt securities of each series only in fully registered form without coupons and, unless we otherwise specify in the applicable prospectus supplement, in denominations of $1,000 and any integral multiple thereof. The indentures provide that we may issue debt securities of a series in temporary or permanent global form and as book-entry securities that will be deposited with, or on behalf of, The Depository Trust Company, New York, New York, known as DTC, or another depositary named by us and identified in a prospectus supplement with respect to that series.

 

At the option of the holder, subject to the terms of the indentures and the limitations applicable to global securities described in the applicable prospectus supplement, the holder of the debt securities of any series can exchange the debt securities for other debt securities of the same series, in any authorized denomination and of like tenor and aggregate principal amount.

 

Subject to the terms of the indentures and the limitations applicable to global securities set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement, holders of the debt securities may present the debt securities for exchange or for registration of transfer, duly endorsed or with the form of transfer endorsed thereon duly executed if so required by us or the security registrar, at the office of the security registrar or at the office of any transfer agent designated by us for this purpose. Unless otherwise provided in the debt securities that the holder presents for transfer or exchange, we will make no service charge for any registration of transfer or exchange, but we may require payment of any taxes or other governmental charges.

 

 

 

 

 -22- 

 

 

We will name in a board resolution the security registrar and any transfer agent, in addition to the security registrar, that we initially designate for any debt securities. We may at any time designate additional transfer agents or rescind the designation of any transfer agent or approve a change in the office through which any transfer agent acts, except that we will be required to maintain a transfer agent in each place of payment for the debt securities of each series.

 

If we elect to redeem the debt securities of any series, we will not be required to:

 

  · issue, register the transfer of, or exchange any debt securities of any series being redeemed in part during a period beginning at the opening of business 15 days before the day of mailing of a notice of redemption of any debt securities that may be selected for redemption and ending at the close of business on the day of the mailing; or
     
  · register the transfer of or exchange any debt securities so selected for redemption, in whole or in part, except the unredeemed portion of any debt securities we are redeeming in part.

 

Information Concerning the Debenture Trustee

 

The debenture trustee, other than during the occurrence and continuance of an event of default under an indenture, undertakes to perform only those duties as are specifically set forth in the applicable indenture. Upon an event of default under an indenture, the debenture trustee must use the same degree of care as a prudent person would exercise or use in the conduct of his or her own affairs. Subject to this provision, the debenture trustee is under no obligation to exercise any of the powers given it by the indentures at the request of any holder of debt securities unless it is offered reasonable security and indemnity against the costs, expenses and liabilities that it might incur.

 

Payment and Paying Agents

 

Unless we otherwise indicate in the applicable prospectus supplement, we will make payment of the interest on any debt securities on any interest payment date to the person in whose name the debt securities, or one or more predecessor securities, are registered at the close of business on the regular record date for the interest.

 

We will name in the applicable board resolution any other paying agents that we initially designate for the debt securities of a particular series. We will maintain a paying agent in each place of payment for the debt securities of a particular series.

 

All money we pay to a paying agent or the debenture trustee for the payment of the principal of or any premium or interest on any debt securities that remains unclaimed at the end of two years after such principal, premium or interest has become due and payable will be repaid to us, and the holder of the debt security thereafter may look only to us for payment thereof.

 

Governing Law

 

The indentures and the debt securities will be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of New York, except to the extent that the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 is applicable.

 

Subordination of Subordinated Debt Securities

 

The subordinated debt securities will be subordinate and junior in priority of payment to certain of our other indebtedness to the extent described in a prospectus supplement. The indentures in the forms initially filed as exhibits to the Registration Statement of which this prospectus is a part do not limit the amount of indebtedness that we may incur, including senior indebtedness or subordinated indebtedness, and do not limit us from issuing any other debt, including secured debt or unsecured debt.

 

 

 

 

 -23- 

 

 

RIGHTS

 

We may issue rights to purchase common stock, preferred stock or warrants that we may offer to our security holders in one or more series. The rights may or may not be transferable by the persons purchasing or receiving the rights. In connection with any rights offering, we may enter into a standby underwriting or other arrangement with one or more underwriters or other persons pursuant to which such underwriters or other persons would purchase any offered securities remaining unsubscribed for after such rights offering. Each series of rights will be issued under a separate rights agent agreement to be entered into between us and a bank or trust company, as rights agent, that we will name in the applicable prospectus supplement. The rights agent will act solely as our agent in connection with the rights and will not assume any obligation or relationship of agency or trust for or with any holders of rights certificates or beneficial owners of rights. A copy of the form of rights agent or subscription agent agreement, including the form of rights certificate representing a series of rights, will be filed with the SEC in connection with the offering of a particular series of rights.

 

The prospectus supplement relating to any rights that we offer will include specific terms relating to the offering, including, among other matters:

 

  · the title of the rights;
     
  · the securities for which the rights are exercisable;
     
  · the date of determining the security holders entitled to the rights distribution;
     
  · the aggregate number of rights issued and the aggregate number of shares of common stock or preferred stock or warrants purchasable upon exercise of the rights;
     
  · the extent to which the rights are transferable;
     
  · the exercise price;
     
  · any provisions for changes to or adjustments in the exercise price or number of securities issuable upon exercise of the rights;
     
  · the conditions to completion of the rights offering;
     
  · any applicable federal income tax considerations;
     
  · if applicable, the material terms of any standby underwriting or other purchase arrangement that we may enter into in connection with the rights offering;
     
  · the date on which the right to exercise the rights will commence and the date on which the rights will expire; and
     
  · any other terms of the rights, including terms, procedures and limitations relating to the exchange and exercise of the rights.

 

Each right would entitle the holder of the rights to purchase for cash the amount of shares of common stock or preferred stock or warrants at the exercise price set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement. Rights may be exercised at any time up to the close of business on the expiration date for the rights provided in the applicable prospectus supplement. After the close of business on the expiration date, all unexercised rights will become void.

 

 

 

 -24- 

 

 

We may determine to offer any unsubscribed securities directly to persons other than our security holders, to or through agents, underwriters or dealers or through a combination of such methods, including pursuant to standby arrangements, as described in the applicable prospectus supplement.

 

Until a holder exercises the rights to purchase shares of our common stock or preferred stock or warrants, the holder will not have any rights as a holder of shares of our common stock or preferred stock or warrants, as the case may be, by virtue of ownership of the rights.

 

UNITS

 

We may issue units consisting of one or more of the other securities described in this prospectus, in any prospectus supplement or a free writing prospectus in any combination. Each unit will be issued so that the holder of the unit is also the holder, with the rights and obligations of a holder, of each security included in the unit. The unit agreement under which a unit is issued may provide that the securities included in the unit may not be held or transferred separately, at any time or at any time before a specified date or upon the occurrence of a specified event or occurrence.

 

The applicable prospectus supplement or free writing prospectus will describe:

 

  · the designation and terms of the units and of the securities comprising the units, including whether and under what circumstances those securities may be held or transferred separately;
     
  · any unit agreement under which the units will be issued;
     
  · any provisions for the issuance, payment, settlement, transfer or exchange of the units or of the securities comprising the units; and
     
  · whether the units will be issued in fully registered or global form.

 

 

 

 -25- 

 

 

PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION

 

We may sell the securities offered pursuant to this prospectus from time to time in one or more transactions, including, without limitation:

 

  · to or through underwriters;
     
  · through broker-dealers (acting as agent or principal);
     
  · through agents;
     
  · directly by us to one or more purchasers (including our affiliates and stockholders), through a specific bidding or auction process, a rights offering or otherwise;
     
  · through a combination of any such methods of sale; or
     
  · through any other methods described in a prospectus supplement.

 

The distribution of securities may be effected, from time to time, in one or more transactions, including:

 

  · block transactions (which may involve crosses) and transactions on any national exchange or other organized market where the securities may be traded;
     
  · purchases by a broker-dealer as principal and resale by the broker-dealer for its own account pursuant to a prospectus supplement;
     
  · ordinary brokerage transactions and transactions in which a broker-dealer solicits purchasers;
     
  · sales “at the market” to or through a market maker or into an existing trading market, on an exchange or otherwise; and
     
  · sales in other ways not involving market makers or established trading markets, including direct sales to purchasers.

 

The applicable prospectus supplement will describe the terms of the offering of the securities, including:

 

  · the name or names of any underwriters, if, and if required, any dealers or agents;
     
  · the purchase price of the securities and the proceeds we will receive from the sale;
     
  · any underwriting discounts and other items constituting underwriters’ compensation;
     
  · any discounts or concessions allowed or re-allowed or paid to dealers; and
     
  · any securities exchange or market on which the securities may be listed or traded.

 

 

 

 

 -26- 

 

 

We may distribute the securities from time to time in one or more transactions at:

 

  · a fixed price or prices, which may be changed;
     
  · market prices prevailing at the time of sale;
     
  · prices related to such prevailing market prices; or
     
  · negotiated prices.


Only underwriters named in the prospectus supplement are underwriters of the securities offered by the prospectus supplement.

 

If underwriters are used in an offering, we will execute an underwriting agreement with such underwriters and will specify the name of each underwriter and the terms of the transaction (including any underwriting discounts and other terms constituting compensation of the underwriters and any dealers) in a prospectus supplement. The securities may be offered to the public either through underwriting syndicates represented by managing underwriters or directly by one or more investment banking firms or others, as designated. If an underwriting syndicate is used, the managing underwriter(s) will be specified on the cover of the prospectus supplement. If underwriters are used in the sale, the offered securities will be acquired by the underwriters for their own accounts and may be resold from time to time in one or more transactions, including negotiated transactions, at a fixed public offering price or at varying prices determined at the time of sale. Any public offering price and any discounts or concessions allowed or re-allowed or paid to dealers may be changed from time to time. Unless otherwise set forth in the prospectus supplement, the obligations of the underwriters to purchase the offered securities will be subject to conditions precedent, and the underwriters will be obligated to purchase all of the offered securities, if any are purchased.

 

We may grant to the underwriters options to purchase additional securities to cover over-allotments, if any, at the public offering price, with additional underwriting commissions or discounts, as may be set forth in a related prospectus supplement. The terms of any over-allotment option will be set forth in the prospectus supplement for those securities.

 

If a dealer is used in the sale of the securities, we, or an underwriter, will sell the securities to the dealer, as principal. The dealer may then resell the securities to the public at varying prices to be determined by the dealer at the time of resale. To the extent required, we will set forth in the prospectus supplement document incorporated by reference or free writing prospectus, as applicable, the name of the dealer and the terms of the transactions.

 

We may sell the securities directly or through agents we designate from time to time. We will name any agent involved in the offering and sale of securities and we will describe any commissions we will pay the agent in the prospectus supplement.

 

We may authorize agents or underwriters to solicit offers by institutional investors to purchase securities from us at the public offering price set forth in the prospectus supplement pursuant to delayed delivery contracts providing for payment and delivery on a specified date in the future. We will describe the conditions to these contracts and the commissions we must pay for solicitation of these contracts in the prospectus supplement.

 

In connection with the sale of the securities, underwriters, dealers or agents may receive compensation from us or from purchasers of the securities for whom they act as agents, in the form of discounts, concessions or commissions. Underwriters may sell the securities to or through dealers, and those dealers may receive compensation in the form of discounts, concessions or commissions from the underwriters or commissions from the purchasers for whom they may act as agents. Underwriters, dealers and agents that participate in the distribution of the securities, and any institutional investors or others that purchase securities directly for the purpose of resale or distribution, may be deemed to be underwriters, and any discounts or commissions received by them from us and any profit on the resale of the common stock by them may be deemed to be underwriting discounts and commissions under the Securities Act. No FINRA member firm may receive compensation in excess of that allowable under FINRA rules, including Rule 5110, in connection with the offering of the securities.

 

We may provide agents, underwriters and other purchasers with indemnification against particular civil liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act, or contribution with respect to payments that the agents, underwriters or other purchasers may make with respect to such liabilities. Agents and underwriters may engage in transactions with, or perform services for, us in the ordinary course of business.

 

 

 

 -27- 

 

 

To facilitate the public offering of a series of securities, persons participating in the offering may engage in transactions that stabilize, maintain, or otherwise affect the market price of the securities. This may include over-allotments or short sales of the securities, which involves the sale by persons participating in the offering of more securities than have been sold to them by us. In addition, those persons may stabilize or maintain the price of the securities by bidding for or purchasing securities in the open market or by imposing penalty bids, whereby selling concessions allowed to underwriters or dealers participating in any such offering may be reclaimed if securities sold by them are repurchased in connection with stabilization transactions. The effect of these transactions may be to stabilize or maintain the market price of the securities at a level above that which might otherwise prevail in the open market. Such transactions, if commenced, may be discontinued at any time. We make no representation or prediction as to the direction or magnitude of any effect that the transactions described above, if implemented, may have on the price of our securities.

 

Unless otherwise specified in the applicable prospectus supplement, any common stock sold pursuant to a prospectus supplement will be eligible for trading as quoted on the OTCQB. Any underwriters to whom securities are sold by us for public offering and sale may make a market in the securities, but such underwriters will not be obligated to do so and may discontinue any market making at any time without notice.

 

In order to comply with the securities laws of some states, if applicable, the securities offered pursuant to this prospectus will be sold in those states only through registered or licensed brokers or dealers. In addition, in some states, securities may not be sold unless they have been registered or qualified for sale in the applicable state or an exemption from the registration or qualification requirement is available and has been met.

 

To the extent required, this prospectus may be amended or supplemented from time to time to describe a specific plan of distribution.

 

 

 

 -28- 

 

 

LEGAL MATTERS

 

Certain legal matters governed by New York law with respect to the validity of certain of the offered securities will be passed upon for us by Pepper Hamilton LLP, New York, New York. Certain legal matters governed by Nevada law with respect to the validity of certain of the offered securities will be passed upon for us by Pepper Hamilton, LLP, Boston, Massachusetts.

 

EXPERTS

 

The financial statements incorporated in this Prospectus by reference to the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended April 30, 2017 have been so incorporated in reliance on the report of Armanino LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, given on the authority of said firm as experts in auditing and accounting.

 

WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION

 

This prospectus and any subsequent prospectus supplements do not contain all of the information in the Registration Statement. We have omitted from this prospectus some parts of the Registration Statement as permitted by the rules and regulations of the SEC. Statements in this prospectus concerning any document we have filed as an exhibit to the Registration Statement or that we otherwise filed with the SEC are not intended to be comprehensive and are qualified in their entirety by reference to these filings. In addition, we file annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC. You may read and copy any documents that we have filed with the SEC at the SEC’s Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, N.E., Room 1580, Washington, D.C. 20549. Please call the SEC at 1-800-732-0330 for further information about the operation of the Public Reference Room. The SEC also maintains a website that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information that registrants file electronically with the SEC, including us. The SEC’s website can be found at http://www.sec.gov. In addition, we make available on or through our website copies of these reports as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file or furnished them to the SEC. Our website can be found at http:www.pharmacyte.com. Our website is not a part of this prospectus.

 

INFORMATION INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

 

We have elected to incorporate certain information by reference into this prospectus. By incorporating by reference, we can disclose important information to you by referring you to other documents we have filed or will file with the SEC. The information incorporated by reference is deemed to be part of this prospectus, except for information incorporated by reference that is superseded by information contained in this prospectus. This means that you must look at all of the SEC filings that we incorporate by reference to determine if any statements in the prospectus or any document previously incorporated by reference have been modified or superseded. This prospectus incorporates by reference the documents set forth below that we have previously filed with the SEC, except in each case the information contained in such document to the extent “furnished” and not “filed”:

 

  · Our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2017, filed with the SEC on July 27, 2017.
     
  · Our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on September 6, 2017.

 

We also incorporate by reference all documents we file in the future pursuant to Section 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act after the date of this prospectus and prior to the sale of all the securities covered by this prospectus (including all such documents filed with the SEC after the date of the initial filing of the Registration Statement that contains this prospectus and prior to effectiveness of the Registration Statement or after such effectiveness), except in each case the information contained in such document to the extent “furnished” and not “filed.”

 

You may obtain copies of these documents on the website maintained by the SEC at http://www.sec.gov, or from us without charge (other than exhibits to such documents, unless such exhibits are specifically incorporated by reference into such documents) by writing us at Corporate Secretary, PharmaCyte Biotech, Inc., 23046 Avenida de la Carlota, Suite 600, Laguna Hills, California 92653 or visiting our website at http://www.pharmacyte.com.

 

Any statement contained in a document incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference in this prospectus shall be deemed to be modified or superseded for the purposes of this prospectus to the extent that a statement contained herein, any prospectus supplement or in any other subsequently filed document which also is or deemed to be incorporated by reference herein modifies or supersedes that statement. Any statement so modified or superseded shall not be deemed, except as so modified or superseded, to constitute a part of this prospectus.

 

 

 

 -29- 

 

 

PART II

 

INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS

 

Item 14. Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution.

 

The following table sets forth our estimated costs and expenses in connection with the registration of our securities as described in this Registration Statement.

 

   AMOUNT 
SEC Registration Fee  $5,795 
Legal Fees and Expenses   * 
Accounting Fees and Expenses   * 
Trustees’ Fees and Expenses   * 
Warrant Agent Fees and Expenses   * 
Miscellaneous Expenses   * 
Total  $  

 

* Estimated expenses are not presently known because they depend upon, among other things, the number of offerings that will be made pursuant to this Registration Statement, the amount and type of securities being offered and the timing of such offerings. The foregoing sets forth the general categories of expenses (other than underwriting discounts and commissions) that we anticipate we will incur in connection with the offering of securities under this Registration Statement on Form S-3. An estimate of the aggregate expenses in connection with the issuance and distribution of the securities being offered will be included in the applicable prospectus supplement.

 

Item 15. Indemnification of Directors and Officers.

 

Our directors and officers are indemnified as provided by our articles of incorporation, bylaws and the Nevada Revised Statutes (the “NRS”). We believe that the indemnity and limitation of liability provisions contained in our articles of incorporation and bylaws are necessary to attract and retain qualified persons for those positions. No pending material litigation or proceeding involving our directors, executive officers, employees or other agents as to which indemnification is being sought exists, and we are not aware of any pending or threatened material litigation that may result in claims for indemnification by any of our directors or executive officers.

 

The following is a summary of the relevant provisions in our articles of incorporation, bylaws, and Nevada law with regard to limitation of liability and indemnification of our directors and officers. The full provisions are contained in the NRS and such documents.

 

Limitation of Liability

 

Our articles of incorporation limit the liability of our directors and officers under certain circumstances. Our articles of incorporation provide that the liability of directors or officers for monetary damages is eliminated to the fullest extent permitted by Nevada law. The NRS provide that an officer or director of a Nevada corporation will not be liable for acts or omissions unless it is proven that the officer's or director's acts or omissions constituted a breach of fiduciary duties and such breach involved intentional misconduct, fraud, or a knowing violation of law.

 

Indemnification

 

Our articles of incorporation provide for the indemnification of our directors and officers to the fullest extent permitted by Nevada law. Our bylaws and the NRS provide that we may indemnify our directors and officers who were or are a party or are threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending, or completed action, lawsuit, or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative, or investigative, including an action by or in the right of the corporation, by reason of the fact that such person is or was a director or officer of the corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the corporation as a director, officer, employee, or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, or other enterprise, against expenses, including attorneys’ fees, judgments, fines, and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by such person in connection with the action, lawsuit, or proceeding unless such person: (i) has failed to exercise his powers as an a director or officer of the corporation in good faith and with a view to the interests of the corporation and such act or failure to act involved intentional misconduct, fraud, or a knowing violation of law; and (ii) has failed to act in good faith and in a manner that such person reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interest of the corporation, and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, had reasonable cause to believe his conduct was unlawful.

 

 

 

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Any indemnification, unless ordered by a court or such director or officer has made an undertaking as discussed below, shall be made on a case by case basis upon determination by our stockholders, directors not a party to the action, lawsuit or proceeding, or legal counsel by written opinion that such indemnification is proper in the circumstances. We are required to indemnify any director or officer against expenses, including attorneys’ fees, actually and reasonably incurred by such person who has been successful on the merits or otherwise in defense of any action, suit, or proceeding.

 

We will advance expenses of any director or officer incurred in defending any civil or criminal action, lawsuit, or proceeding upon receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of the director or officer to repay the amount advanced if it is ultimately determined by a court of competent jurisdiction that the director or officer is not entitled to be indemnified by the corporation.

 

Indemnification will not be made for any claim, issue, or matter as to which such person has been adjudged by a court of competent jurisdiction, after exhaustion of all appeals therefrom, to be liable to the corporation or for amount paid in settlement to the corporation, unless and only to the extent that the court in which the action or lawsuit was brought or other court of competent jurisdiction determines upon application that, in view of all the circumstances of the case, the person is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnity for such expenses as the court deems proper.

 

We have been advised that, in the opinion of the SEC, indemnification for liabilities arising under federal securities laws is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against these types of liabilities, other than the payment by us of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person in the successful defense of any action, lawsuit or proceeding, is asserted by a director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, we will (unless in the opinion of our counsel, the matter has been settled by controlling precedent) submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction, the question whether indemnification by us is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue. The legal process relating to this matter if it were to occur is likely to be very costly and may result in us receiving negative publicity, both of which are likely to materially reduce the market and price for our shares.

 

Item 16. Exhibits.

 

The Index of Exhibits immediately following the signature page of this Registration Statement is incorporated herein by this reference.

 

Item 17. Undertakings.

 

  a. The undersigned Registrant hereby undertakes:

 

  1. To file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this Registration Statement:

 

  i. To include any prospectus required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act;

 

  ii. To reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of the Registration Statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the Registration Statement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in volume of securities offered (if the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of the estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed with the SEC pursuant to Rule 424(b) if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no more than 20% change in the maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the “Calculation of Registration Fee” table in the effective registration statement.

 

  iii. To include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the Registration Statement or any material change to such information in the registration statement;

 

Provided however, that paragraphs (a)(1)(i), (a)(1)(ii) and (a)(1)(iii) of this section do not apply if the information required to be included in a post-effective amendment by those paragraphs is contained in reports filed with or furnished to the SEC by the Registrant pursuant to section 13 or section 15(d) of the Exchange Act that are incorporated by reference in the registration statement, or is contained in a form of prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) that is part of the Registration Statement.

 

  2. That, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new Registration Statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.

 

 

 

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  3. To remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering.

 

  4. That, for the purpose of determining liability under the Securities Act to any purchaser:

 

  i. Each prospectus filed by the Registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(3) shall be deemed to be part of the Registration Statement as of the date the filed prospectus was deemed part of and included in the Registration Statement; and

 

  ii. Each prospectus required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424(b)(2), (b)(5), or (b)(7) as part of a Registration Statement in reliance on Rule 430B relating to an offering made pursuant to Rule 415(a)(1)(i), (vii), or (x) for the purpose of providing the information required by section 10(a) of the Securities Act shall be deemed to be part of and included in the Registration Statement as of the earlier of the date such form of prospectus is first used after effectiveness or the date of the first contract of sale of securities in the offering described in the prospectus. As provided in Rule 430B, for liability purposes of the issuer and any person that is at that date an underwriter, such date shall be deemed to be a new effective date of the Registration Statement relating to the securities in the registration statement to which that prospectus relates, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof; provided, however, that no statement made in a Registration Statement or prospectus that is part of the Registration Statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the Registration Statement or prospectus that is part of the Registration Statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such effective date, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such effective date.

 

  5. That, for the purpose of determining liability of the Registrant under the Securities Act to any purchaser in the initial distribution of the securities, the undersigned Registrant undertakes that in a primary offering of securities of the undersigned Registrant pursuant to this Registration Statement, regardless of the underwriting method used to sell the securities to the purchaser, if the securities are offered or sold to such purchaser by means of any of the following communications, the undersigned registrant will be a seller to the purchaser and will be considered to offer or sell such securities to such purchaser:

 

  i. Any preliminary prospectus or prospectus of the undersigned Registrant relating to the offering required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424;

 

  ii. Any free writing prospectus relating to the offering prepared by or on behalf of the undersigned Registrant or used or referred to by the undersigned Registrant;

 

  iii. The portion of any other free writing prospectus relating to the offering containing material information about the undersigned Registrant or its securities provided by or on behalf of the undersigned Registrant; and

 

  iv. Any other communication that is an offer in the offering made by the undersigned Registrant to the purchaser.

 

  b. The undersigned Registrant hereby undertakes that, for purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each filing of the registrant’s annual report pursuant to section 13(a) or section 15(d) of the Exchange Act (and, where applicable, each filing of an employee benefit plan’s annual report pursuant to section 15(d) of the Exchange Act) that is incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.

 

  c. Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the Registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the Registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the SEC such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the Registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the Registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the Registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.
     
  d. The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes to file an application for the purpose of determining the eligibility of the trustee to act under subsection (a) of Section 310 of the Trust Indenture Act in accordance with the rules and regulations prescribed by the SEC under Section 305(b)(2) of the Trust Indenture

 

 

 

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SIGNATURES

 

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act, the Registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form S-3 and has duly caused this Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized in the City of Laguna Hills, State of California on September 12, 2017.

 

  PHARMACYTE BIOTECH, INC.
     
  By: /s/ Kenneth L. Waggoner
    Kenneth L. Waggoner
    Chief Executive Officer

 

 

POWER OF ATTORNEY

 

Each person whose signature appears below appoints Kenneth L. Waggoner and Carlos A. Trujillo, and each of them, any of whom may act without the joinder of the other, as his true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent, with full power of substitution and resubstitution, for him and in his name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any and all amendments (including post-effective amendments) to this Registration Statement and any Registration Statement (including any amendment thereto) for this offering that is to be effective upon filing pursuant to Rule 462 under the Securities Act and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and all other documents in connection therewith, with the SEC, granting unto said attorneys-in-fact and agents full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done, as fully to all intents and purposes as he might or would do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorneys-in-fact and agents or any of them of their or his substitute and substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.

 

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act this registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

 

Signature   Title   Date
         
/s/ Kenneth L. Waggoner        
Kenneth L. Waggoner   Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer), Chairman of the Board of Directors and Director   September 12, 2017
         
/s/ Carlos A. Trujillo        
Carlos A. Trujillo   Chief Financial Officer and Director  (Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer)   September 12, 2017
         
/s/ Gerald W. Crabtree        
Gerald W. Crabtree   Director   September 12, 2017
         
/s/ Thomas Liquard        
Thomas Liquard   Director   September 12, 2017
         
/s/ Thomas C.K. Yuen        
Thomas C.K. Yuen   Director   September 12, 2017
         
/s/ Michael M. Abecassis        
Michael M. Abecassis   Director   September 12, 2017
         

 

 

 

 

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INDEX OF EXHIBITS

 

The following documents are filed as exhibits to this Registration Statement, including those exhibits incorporated herein by reference to a prior filing under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act:

 

Exhibit       Incorporated by Reference   Filed or
Furnished
Number   Description   Form   File No.   Date Filed   Herewith
1.1*   Form of Underwriting Agreement                
1.2*   Form of Subscription Agreement                
4.1   Form of senior indenture, to be entered into between the registrant and the trustee designated therein               Filed
4.2*   Form of senior note with respect to each particular series of senior notes issued hereunder                
4.3   Form of subordinated indenture to be entered into between the registrant and the trustee designated therein               Filed
4.4*   Form of subordinated note with respect to each particular series of subordinated notes issued hereunder                
4.5*   Form of Warrant Agreement and Warrant Certificate with respect to each warrant issued hereunder                
4.6*   Certificate of designation, preferences and rights with respect to any preferred stock issued hereunder                
4.7*   Form of Rights Certificate                
4.8*   Form of Rights Agent Agreement or Subscription Agent Agreement                
4.9*   Form of Unit Agreement                
5.1   Opinion of Pepper Hamilton LLP               Filed
23.1   Consent of Armanino LLP               Filed
23.2   Consent of Pepper Hamilton LLP (included in Exhibit 5.1)               Filed
24.1   Power of Attorney (contained on the signature page)               Filed
25.1*   Form T-1 Statement of Eligibility under the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended, of designated trustee under the senior indenture                
25.2*   Form T-1 Statement of Eligibility under the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended, of designated trustee under the subordinated indenture                

 

  * To be filed by amendment or as an exhibit to a report pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act and incorporated herein by reference.

 

 

 

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